1. Various theories on globalization exist. Choose two from the readings and describe each—one you agree with and one you disagree with—briefly describe each theory, and explain your reasons or agreement and disagreement.
After reading the different theories, I have decided to write about the World Culture Theory and World-System Theory because both are visible for me, which I can see for myself and have an opinion. When things become personal, our vision changes and we are able to have a better expression and in the two situations, I can say that affects my life directly. The first one is based on the way I live and see the world and it is interesting how different people can think from me, I can see that through my classmates when I give my opinion and they automatically disagree with the argument that the way they live and see things make them think differently. The second one is based on how countries live, at the moment I am in The US but I am from Brazil and I can see how different everything is and how powerful the United States is over Brazil.
"World culture theory seeks to explain an apparent convergence of education through a neoinstitutionalist lens, seeing global rationalization in education as driven by the logic of science and the myth of progress." (Carney, Rappleye & Silova, 2012 p.366). In other words, it is a theoretical framework that seeks to understand and explain the processes of the growing intertwining of communication and exchange relations that are happening worldwide in almost all social, economic, and scientific-technological spheres.
"The world-systems theory is a fundamental unit of analysis for social evolution. Also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective, it is a multidisciplinary, macroscale approach to world history and social change. It takes up a more inclusive unit of analysis, the “world system,” which reflects a particular understanding of history and a set of questions people pose related to it." ( Christofis, 2019). In other words, it is a post-Marxist theory of international relations, geo-economics, and international political economy that focuses on the study of the social system and its possible interrelations with the advance of world capitalism as determining forces between different countries.
The world-system theory is the one I most agree, because the focus of this theory is the structure and not the agents, it seeks to understand how the capitalist means of production works through a macro and multidisciplinary approach to world history. Based on the international division of labor, the purpose is to explain why there is tremendous inequality between countries. The current world system is similar to the previous ones due to the axial division of labor and functioning in a cyclical and secular way and is differentiated by the infinite accumulation of capital, which is provided by capitalism. On the other hand, there is the world culture theory, which I do not completely disagree with, but the modification of cultural patterns happens in poor countries due to the influence of Northern (rich) countries.
Globalization corresponds to the process of economic and cultural integration on a world scale, promoted by the expansion of informational capitalism and by the technological evolution of the means of communication and transportation. It is in a continuous process of evolution and transformation, enabling greater integration every year, with the innovation of the means of communication and transport. The speed and efficiency achieved by the transport and communication sectors in the last decades with information technology were responsible for the consolidation of the integration/connection process between different parts of the world.
References:
Carney, S., Rappleye, J., & Silova, I. (2012). Between Faith and Science: World Culture Theory and Comparative Education. Comparative Education Review, 56(3), 366-393. DOI:10.1086/665708
Christofis N. (2019) World-Systems Theory. In: Romaniuk S., Thapa M., Marton P. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
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